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Notes
Some states add daily overtime (California requires overtime after 8 hours in a workday). Change the threshold to model your situation. Results are before taxes.
The federal rule
Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (29 U.S.C. 207), non-exempt employees must get at least 1.5 times their regular rate for hours over 40 in a workweek. Each workweek stands alone; hours cannot be averaged across two weeks. The regular rate includes non-discretionary bonuses and shift differentials, so overtime can be worth more than 1.5 times the base hourly wage.
Worked example
At $20 an hour for 46 hours: 40 × $20 = $800 regular pay, plus 6 × $30 = $180 overtime, for $980 before taxes. California also requires 1.5× after 8 hours in a day and double time after 12 hours in a day; set the threshold and multiplier above to model those rules.
Who is exempt
Salaried executive, administrative and professional employees who pass the duties tests and earn at least $684 a week are generally exempt from federal overtime. A 2024 rule that would have raised that threshold was vacated by a federal court in November 2024. Many states set higher thresholds.
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Frequently asked questions
What is time and a half for $20 an hour?
$30 an hour.
Is overtime taxed at a higher rate?
No. It is taxed at the same rates as other wages; a bigger paycheck can make withholding look higher. For tax years 2025 to 2028 there is also a federal deduction of up to $12,500 ($25,000 for joint filers) for the overtime premium, phasing out at higher incomes.
Do paid holidays count toward the 40 hours?
Not under federal law. Only hours actually worked count, although some employers and union contracts include them.